Palabras clave
contaminación atmosférica
variables meteorológicas
tasa de mortalidad
Cómo citar
Resumen
Algunos contaminantes como las PM10, el NO2 o el O3 tienen influencia en la salud de las personas, tal y como apuntan numerosos estudios al relacionarse con la mortalidad tanto a corto como a largo plazo. Se estudió una muestra de 9 de las 52 provincias españolas. Se realizaron modelos lineales generalizados (GLM) con link Poisson en los periodos de la primera y segunda ola entre los valores medios diarios de las variables independientes (PM10, NO2 y O3 como contaminantes atmosféricos y variables meteorológicas (temperatura máxima diaria y humedad absoluta)) y la variable dependiente (tasa de mortalidad por COVID-19, TMC) durante la primera y segunda ola. Entre las variables independientes y la dependiente se establecieron los retardos estadísticamente significativos (lag). A partir de los estimadores obtenidos en los GLM se calcularon los riesgos relativos asociados, por aumentos de 10 μg/m3 para los contaminantes atmosféricos, 1 ºC para la temperatura máxima y 1 g/m3 para la humedad absoluta. Los resultados muestran que existe una mayor asociación del NO2 con la TMC que para el resto de los contaminantes atmosféricos. Las variables meteorológicas examinadas no han presentado una asociación robusta entre ambas olas, lo que indica un rol menor en relación a la TMC. En conclusión, la contaminación atmosférica por NO2 y PM10 presentan una asociación estadísticamente significativa con la TMC, aunque limitada y subordinada a otros factores como las medidas de salud pública adoptadas, la presencia de comorbilidades y la edad del paciente.
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