Industrial and organic eyeshadows toxicity in Daphnia magna (crustacea: cladocera)

Abstract

Cosmetics are currently considered an emerging pollutant. An example of this are eye shadows, whose effects on aquatic organisms are unknown. A study was carried out to determine the toxicity of industrial and organic yellow eye shadows, using Daphnia magna as a bioindicator. Five organisms were placed in each of the three replicates and the concentrations used were 187 x 10³ μg/L, 375 x 10³ μg/L, 750 x 10³ μg/L, 1500 x 10³ μg/L y 3 000 x 10³ μg/L, and two negative controls, one with reconstituted water plus acetone and the other with reconstituted water alone. The LC50 for the reference toxicant (potassium dichromate) was 87.90 μg/L was obtained and of 124 x 10³ μg/L for industrially produced eye shadows. It was not possible to determine the LC50 for the test with eye shadows of organic elaboration due to the mortality did not exceed 6.70%. The values revealed a greater sensitivity of the test organisms towards the eye shadows of industrial elaboration regarding the organic ones. While factory-made yellow eye shadows are less toxic than other colors like red, they also contain parabens, and some others compounds that are toxic. In Mexico, there are no regulations that limit the presence of eye shadows and their compounds in aquatic environments. This work provides non-existent information in Mexico.