Qualitative map for analyzing the BTEX risk due to proximity to gas stations in the city of Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico

Abstract

Due to their carcinogenic properties, exposure to volatile organic compounds such as benzene, toluene and xylene (BTEX) has been associated with an increased risk of developing cancer in people living or working near gas stations. This study puts forward a methodological approach to study the problems posed by VOCs on individuals exposed to hydrocarbons. The data obtained indicate that there is a greater presence of VOCs in the areas close to point sources of emission and, therefore, a greater exposure to toxic factors. This paper presents a simple procedure to establish which areas are vulnerable to technological risks within the urban area owing to the presence of BTEX by using GIS technology, which enables spatial analysis of benzene emissions to the atmosphere. These results will serve the agencies involved in decision-making. There is no clear legislation in Mexico to protect people living in the vicinity of gas stations. Therefore, programs should be developed to reduce their impact on the population at the environmental, health and social levels.