Palavras-chave
anomalias congénitas
recém-nascido de baixo peso
trabalho de parto prematuro
contaminantes ambientais
exposição materna
Como Citar
Resumo
Fracking (fraturamento hidráulico ou hidrofracking) refere-se a um dos métodos não convencionais pelos quais o petróleo ou o gás natural são obtidos pela injeção de fluidos a alta pressão. A sua implementação gerou um impacto ambiental significativo e causou diversos efeitos adversos à saúde humana. Neste artigo, revisamos as evidências entre a exposição a poços não convencionais de desenvolvimento de gás natural e parto prematuro, baixo peso ao nascer, defeitos cardíacos congénitos, defeitos de desenvolvimento neurológico e comprimento para a idade gestacional em recém-nascidos. Foi realizada uma busca no banco de dados PubMed utilizando critérios de inclusão como tipo de estudo (coorte retrospetiva e caso-controle), população do estudo, avaliação da exposição, gestão de dados e resultados em saúde. Dos 166 artigos selecionados 8 foram incluídos nesta revisão, nos quais foi encontrada associação positiva entre a intensidade e distância de poços não convencionais de extração de gases, no que diz respeito ao aparecimento de alterações em gestantes e recém-nascidos como parto prematuro, baixo peso à nascença, cardiopatias congénitas, defeitos do neurodesenvolvimento e comprimento para a idade gestacional. Apesar dos achados positivos encontrados nesta revisão, recomenda-se a realização de mais pesquisas relacionadas com a exposição e o aparecimento de possíveis efeitos no desenvolvimento de recém-nascidos, devido aos resultados inconclusivos encontrados nas pesquisas que fundamentam e sustentam esta revisão.
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