Resumo
Os bombeiros estão expostos a produtos químicos, alguns deles cancerígenos. Recentemente, a International Agency for Research on Cancer classificou a profissão de bombeiro no Grupo 1, reconhecidamente carcinogênica para humanos. No Chile, a atividade de bombeiro é principalmente uma ocupação voluntária. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os bombeiros do Corpo de Bombeiros de Talcahuano, Chile, em relação aos fatores de risco de câncer. Foi realizado um estudo observacional descritivo. A caracterização dos fatores de risco de câncer (modificáveis e não modificáveis) foi determinada pela aplicação aos participantes de uma pesquisa auto-administrada on-line que incluiu dados demográficos, saúde ocupacional e segurança e questões relacionadas ao trabalho do bombeiro. Parâmetros estatísticos descritivos e associações foram estabelecidos. Participaram do estudo 364 bombeiros (33 mulheres e 330 homens). A faixa etária e a média de idade dos bombeiros foram de 18 a 72 anos e 36,3 anos, respectivamente. 30 % dos bombeiros eram fumantes, 56 % etilistas e 36,5 % sedentários. Além disso, 2,7 % dos participantes foram diagnosticados com câncer. 31,5 % dos bombeiros com carteira assinada declararam estar expostos a produtos químicos no local de trabalho. Destes, 26 % também foram expostos a pelo menos um agente cancerígeno. Além disso, 51,1 % dos bombeiros experimentaram pelo menos um sintoma agudo associado às atividades de controle de incêndio. 87,1 % dos bombeiros aderiram aos protocolos estabelecidos de descontaminação e limpeza de equipamentos. Este estudo piloto caracterizou bombeiros em termos de fatores de risco de câncer modificáveis e não modificáveis, juntamente com exposições ocupacionais a produtos químicos em seus empregos formais. Finalmente, mais pesquisas são necessárias para avaliar múltiplos fatores de risco de câncer, incluindo exposições ocupacionais combinadas entre bombeiros voluntários.
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