Palabras clave
Cancer risk
Occupational exposure
Chile
Cómo citar
Resumen
Los bomberos se exponen constantemente a sustancias químicas dentro de las cuales algunas son carcinogénicas. Recientemente la Agencia Internacional para la Investigación sobre el Cáncer ha clasificado la ocupación bomberil en el grupo 1, actividad carcinogénica para los humanos. En Chile, la actividad bomberil es mayoritariamente voluntaria. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar a los bomberos del Cuerpo de Bomberos de Talcahuano de Chile con relación a los factores de riesgo para cáncer. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo. La caracterización de los factores de riesgo modificables y no modificables para cáncer fue determinada mediante una encuesta auto aplicada a los participantes del estudio. La encuesta incluyó aspectos demográficos, de salud y seguridad ocupacional y de actividades propias de la ocupación bomberil. Se establecieron parámetros estadísticos descriptivos y asociaciones entre variables. Un total de 364 bomberos (33 mujeres y 330 hombres) participaron del estudio. El rango de edad y el promedio fue de 18-72 y 36,3 años respectivamente. Un 30 % de los bomberos resultaron ser fumadores, un 56 % bebedores y un 36,5 % sedentarios. Un 2,7 % de los participantes había sido diagnosticado con cáncer al momento del estudio. El 31,5 % de los bomberos con trabajo formal declaró exponerse a sustancias químicas en el lugar de trabajo. Dentro de este grupo, un 26 % ha experimentado exposiciones ocupacionales a al menos un agente carcinogénico. El 51,1 % de los bomberos indicó haber desarrollado síntomas agudos asociados a la extinción de incendios. El 87,1 % de los participantes reconoció adherirse a los protocolos de descontaminación y limpieza de la vestimenta de trabajo. Este estudio piloto caracterizó a los bomberos participantes en relación con los factores de riesgo modificables y no modificables para cáncer en conjunto con la exposición ocupacional a sustancias químicas en los trabajos formales. Bajo este escenario, se hace necesario contar con más estudios que evalúen los múltiples factores de riesgo para cáncer, incluyendo las exposiciones ocupacionales combinadas en los bomberos voluntarios.
Citas
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