Palabras clave
microplásticos (MP)
nanoplásticos (NP)
contaminantes de preocupación emergente
poliéster
polipropileno
polietileno
poliamida
poliestireno
ABS
TED-GC-MS
TGA-FTIR
Cómo citar
Resumen
En el recientemente aprobado RD español 3/2023 sobre aguas de consumo humano, adaptación de la primitiva Directiva UE 2020/2184, se incluye en su artículo 19 la denominada Lista de Observación que engloba los denominados «contaminantes de preocupación emergente que se consideren un riesgo para la salud». Así, en el apartado 4 del Anexo IV del reseñado RD, se publica la Lista de Observación nacional con las referencias a 17b-Estradiol, nonilfenol, azitromicina y diclofenaco, indicándose literalmente además que «los microplásticos se incluirán en la lista cuando la Comisión Europea adopte una metodología normalizada para medir los microplásticos en el agua de consumo». Este artículo tiene un doble objetivo: (i) pasar revista a la última posición sobre el tema publicada por la UE en septiembre de 2022 desde el organismo que se ocupa de este tipo de cuestiones, el Centro Común de Investigación de la Comisión Europea (conocido por sus siglas inglesas como JRC); (ii) en segundo lugar, se recogerán los más recientes resultados sobre MP en aguas españolas. En este sentido, los tipos de microplásticos (MP, en adelante) mayoritariamente encontrados fueron poliéster (PES), polipropileno (PP) y polietileno (PE), detectándose, asimismo, poliestireno, ABS y poliamida. Además, los MP reducían su concentración en una ETAP desde agua bruta a (0,96 MP/L) tras filtración por arena, carbón activo granular y ósmosis inversa en más del 93 % respecto al agua cruda de entrada a planta. Finalmente, las concentraciones de MP en aguas de consumo fueron muy bajas, entre 0 y 0,05 MP/L, con un promedio de 0,01 MP/L.
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