Study of the chemical risk to human health and the sanitary and environmental conditions of the gold smelting and refining processes in the municipality of La Llanada, Colombia

Abstract

In the department of Nariño, a region privileged for its rich vein gold, extraction, processing, smelting and refining are carried out using small and moderately mechanized technologies with high economic, social, health and environmental risks and costs. In the municipality of La Llanada, gold smelting and refining is carried out using the technique known as direct smelting with the use of chemical substances. The objective of the research was to conduct an analysis of the chemical risk to human health and the environment of the main substances used in small-scale gold smelting and refining through a literature review, data collection and analysis based on visits to three gold smelting and refining establishments in the municipality of La Llanada (Nariño) in Colombia. This analysis was adjusted according to the risk level calculation set forth in the Colombian Technical Guide GTC-45. Among the results it was found that: Sanitary and working conditions in most of the establishments are low or nonexistent; in all the smelting establishments, the majority of waste corresponds to gaseous emissions, for whose control, they do not have adequate technical facilities. It is imperative to urgently implement technical measures to prevent and mitigate health and environmental risks in La Llanada, as well as an awareness and training campaign with the support of state institutions. Reagent management, storage, and final disposal of solid and liquid waste must be corrected and improved.