Keywords
aquatic environments
effects
pollutants
plants
invertebrates
vertebrates
How to Cite
Abstract
The presence of micro (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) has undergone comprehensive global studies. However, research focused on assessing ecotoxicological consequences of exposure in ecosystems is limited, especially for species found in the Latin American and Caribbean region. In this regard, a systematic review of available information on the effects of MPs and/or NPs on aquatic organisms in this region was conducted. Since 2001, MPs have been identified as emerging contaminants. Over time, there has been a marked increase in studies documenting their presence in organisms, with Brazil standing out as one of the countries with the highest number of investigations at the regional level. Polystyrene and polyethylene are the most studied polymers to assess toxicological effects, along with other compounds and mixtures to a lesser extent. Studies conducted on various species of aquatic vertebrates have revealed a wide diversity of effects on organisms, with the Pisces class being the most studied group. Immunological and neurological alterations, changes in reproductive behavior, genotoxicity, and modifications in food intake are some of the commonly documented effects. In Latin America and the Caribbean, intensifying research on the effects of MPs and NPs emerges as a strategic imperative. This effort will not only expand knowledge about the specific dynamics of these contaminants at the regional level but also enrich the global understanding of this continually growing issue.
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