Palavras-chave
ambiente aquático
efeitos
poluentes
plantas
invertebrados
vertebrados
Como Citar
Resumo
A presença de micro (MPs) e nanopartículas (NPs) plásticas tem sido objeto de estudos abrangentes em todo o mundo. No entanto, a pesquisa focada em avaliar as consequências ecotoxicológicas da exposição em ecossistemas é limitada, especialmente em espécies presentes na região da América Latina e do Caribe. Nesse sentido, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática das informações disponíveis sobre os efeitos de MPs e/ou NPs em organismos aquáticos dessa região. Desde 2001, os MPs foram identificados como contaminantes de preocupação emergente. Ao longo do tempo, houve um aumento significativo em estudos que documentam sua presença em organismos, destacando o Brasil como um dos países com maior número de pesquisas a nível regional. Entre os polímeros mais estudados para avaliar os efeitos toxicológicos estão o poliestireno e o polietileno, e em menor medida, outros compostos e misturas. Estudos realizados em diversas espécies de vertebrados aquáticos revelaram uma ampla diversidade de efeitos nos organismos, sendo a classe Pisces o grupo mais estudado. Alterações imunológicas e neurológicas, mudanças no comportamento reprodutivo, genotoxicidade e modificação na ingestão de alimentos são alguns dos efeitos comumente documentados. Na América Latina e no Caribe, intensificar a pesquisa sobre os efeitos de MPs e NPs emerge como um imperativo estratégico. Esse esforço não apenas expandirá o conhecimento sobre as dinâmicas específicas desses contaminantes a nível regional, mas também enriquecerá a compreensão global dessa problemática em constante crescimento.
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