Genetic damage and exposure to pesticides among agricultural workers from Valle de San Quintín, Baja California, México

Abstract

Various studies have shown the ability of pesticides to induce genetic damage (GD) that can cause health effects. In the present work, a genotoxicological study was conducted monitoring residents from the agricultural region of the San Quintin Valley (SQV), Baja California, Mexico. The objective was to determine if occupational and environmental exposure to pesticides in the region of the SQV is a factor in GD, and to find out if women are more vulnerable to this effect. A questionnaire was administered to 88 residents of the SQV to establish inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study; of these, 40 agreed to participate (25 occupationally exposed to pesticides and 15 environmentally exposed to them), with similar numbers of men and women. All participants signed an informed consent form. The micronuclei technique (MN) was used, which blocks cytokinesis in peripheral blood samples, to evaluate GD by counting the number of MN and Chromatin Bridges in 1000 bi-nucleated cells (BNC). The results of this measure of genetic damage were then correlated with the degree of occupational pesticide exposure of the participants. Environmentally exposed men had less GD than women with MN means of 8.1± (1.83) and 13.1(±1.7) respectively, whereas occupational exposure affected both sexes, men with a mean of MN equal to 15.9 (± 2.9), and women with 18.12 (± 1.7). Based on our results, it can be concluded that occupational exposure to pesticides is a factor in GD, with women showing greater vulnerability than men. The time of exposure at work was shown to be directly related to the increased number of MN.