Palavras-chave
saúde percecionada
hipertensão
depressão
ansiedade
stress
Como Citar
Resumo
A urbanização acarreta altos níveis de poluição, eventos climáticos extremos, ruídos, escassez de espaços verdes e outros que influenciam a saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar a saúde cardiovascular, respiratória e mental na população espanhola, de acordo com o tamanho do município de residência. Pretende-se também conhecer a percepção da população sobre a influência das cidades nestas doenças. Para isso, foi analisada uma amostra de 587 pessoas (> 18 anos de idade), considerando o tamanho do município de residência (< 49.999 habitantes, 50.000 - 499.999 habitantes e > 500.000 habitantes), o estado de saúde e o nível de percepção estresse, o diagnóstico de doenças cardiovasculares, respiratórias e mentais e a percepção da influência da vida nas cidades na saúde. Constatamos que morar em municípios de médio porte aumenta o risco de hipertensão (OR=6,35, p<0,05) e morar em municípios de grande porte aumenta o risco de depressão (OR=2,42, p<0,05), e em ambos, estresse (OR=1,80, p<0,05 e OR=1,67, p<0,05, respectivamente). A ansiedade é percebida como a patologia mais ligada às cidades. Em conclusão, embora a ansiedade seja a patologia mais associada à vida nas cidades, as características urbanas predispõem à hipertensão, depressão e estresse. No entanto, o estresse atua como um modificador do efeito da exposição urbana na saúde. As relações multicausais dos processos crônicos e o aumento global de municípios urbanos estimula mais estudos de saúde urbana para criar espaços mais saudáveis.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2023 Revista Espanhola de Saúde Ambiental