Palabras clave
salud percibida
hipertensión
depresión
ansiedad
estrés
Cómo citar
Resumen
La urbanización conlleva niveles elevados de contaminación, eventos climáticos extremos, ruido, escasez de espacios verdes, y otros, que influyen en la salud. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar la salud cardiovascular, respiratoria y mental, en población española, según el tamaño del municipio de residencia. También se pretende conocer la percepción de la población acerca de la influencia de las ciudades en esas enfermedades. Para ello, se ha analizado una muestra de 587 personas (> 18 años), considerando el tamaño del municipio de residencia (< 49 999 habitantes, 50 000 - 499 999 habitantes y > 500 000 habitantes), el estado de salud y nivel de estrés percibidos, el diagnóstico de enfermedades cardiovasculares, respiratorias y mentales y la percepción de la influencia vivir en ciudades sobre la salud. Hemos encontrado que vivir en municipios de tamaño medio incrementa el riesgo de hipertensión (OR=6,35, p<0,05) y vivir en municipios grandes el de depresión (OR=2,42, p<0,05), y en ambos el de estrés (OR=1,80, p<0,05 y OR=1,67, p<0,05, respectivamente). La ansiedad se percibe como la patología más vinculada a las ciudades. En conclusión, aunque la ansiedad es la patología más asociada a vivir en ciudades, las características urbanas predisponen a hipertensión, depresión y estrés. No obstante, el estrés actúa como modificador del efecto de la exposición urbana sobre la salud. Las relaciones multicausales de los procesos crónicos y el aumento global de los municipios urbanos, incita a aumentar los estudios de salud urbana para crear espacios más saludables.
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