Palavras-chave
segurança alimentar
inocuidade alimentar
adaptação
mitigação
saúde pública
Como Citar
Resumo
As alterações climáticas estão a influenciar negativamente o rendimento das culturas e doutros setores produtores de alimentos, comprometendo a segurança alimentar ao nível global. No entanto, revendo a literatura científica encontram-se propostas de adaptação que podem amenizar esses efeitos desde que acompanhadas de medidas de mitigação das emissões de gases de efeito de estufa.
Entre as medidas de adaptação e mitigação estariam o uso de variedades de culturas adaptadas, gestão eficiente da água; o uso de ferramentas de agricultura conservação e de precisão; promoção da agricultura ecológica, reaproveitamento de estrume; proteção da pecuária extensiva e das raças autóctones; investigação e aperfeiçoamentos na alimentação e no bem-estar animal; controlo e vigilância de doenças, especialmente as de caráter zoonótico e de maior risco à saúde pública, dentro do enfoque “One Health”; planeamento da política pesqueira com o objetivo de restabelecer e manter o equilíbrio entre os recursos disponíveis e as atividades pesqueiras; e a promoção da aquicultura sustentável como opção para atenuar os efeitos da redução das capturas da pesca extrativa e abastecer o mercado.
As opções de adaptação e mitigação incluem fontes alternativas de alimentos, como insetos e redução do desperdício de alimentos. A melhoria dos sistemas de alerta, vigilância, informação sanitária e controlo alimentar oficial são medidas essenciais para enfrentar os potenciais riscos de segurança alimentar associados às alterações climáticas.
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