##plugins.themes.healthSciences.article.supplementaryFiles##
Palavras-chave
olas de calor
olas de frío
variables al nacimiento
Como Citar
Resumo
Este trabalho objetiva analisar de que forma diferentes fatores atmosféricos, como as concentrações de material particulado de diâmetro inferior a 10 mícrons (PM10), o dióxido de nitrogénio (NO2), o ozono troposférico (O3) e a existência ou não, de eventos térmicos extremos, através da influência das ondas de calor e de frio, incidem sobre o número de partos, partos prematuros e nascimentos de baixo peso em Espanha, nos dias de intrusão de poeiras do Sahara. As variáveis dependentes a nível provincial são: o número de partos totais, número de partos com baixo peso (<2 500 g) e o número de partos prematuros (<37 semanas). Nos dias com intrusão classificaram-se para 9 regiões em Espanha segundo dados fornecidos por MITECO. Em cada capital selecionada, registaram-se as concentrações médias diárias de PM10, NO2 e O3 (μg/m3) (Dados também fornecidos por MITECO). A Temperatura máxima e mínima diária (oC), correspondem ao observatório de referência e foram facultadas pela AEMET. Através de modelos log-lineares de regressão de Poisson calcularam-se, o Risco Reativo (RR) e o Risco Atribuível (RA), associados às variáveis estatisticamente significativas (p<0,05). Os resultados obtidos indicam que os dias de intrusão de poeiras do Sahara, além do impacto do PM10, poluentes primários como NO2, ondas de calor ou O3, estão associados ao aumento de partos e ao maior risco de baixo peso ao nascer e a nascimentos prematuros. Os RR e RA de poluentes e as ondas de calor são superiores aos obtidos para PM10. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que os dias de advecção de poeira do Sahara constituem um risco potencial para ocorram partos prematuros e baixo peso no nascimento.Referências
DíazJ,LinaresC,CarmonaR,RussoA,OrtizC,SalvadorP,TrigoRM. Saharan dust intrusions in Spain: health impacts and associated synoptic conditions. Environ Res 2017; 156: 455-467.
Viana M, Pey J, Querol X, Alastuey A, de Leeuw F, Lükewille A. Natural sources of atmospheric aerosols influencing air quality across Europe. Sci Total Environ. 2014; 72:825–833.
Pérez L, Tobías A, Querol X, Pey J, Alastuey A, Díaz J, Sunyer J. Saharan dust, particulate matter and cause specific mortality: A Case-Crossover study in Barcelona (Spain). Environ Int. 2012; 48:150-155.
Jiménez E, Linares C, Martínez D, Díaz J. Role of Saharan dust in the relationship between particulate matter and short-term daily mortality among the elderly in Madrid (Spain). Sci Total Environ. 2010; 408:5729-5736.
Reyes M, Díaz J, Tobías A, Montero JC, Linares C. Impact of Saharan dust particles on hospital admissions in Madrid. Int J Environ Health Res. 2014; 24:63-72.
López-Villarrubia E, Íñiguez C, Peral N, García MD, Ballester F. Characterizing mortality effects of particulate matter size fractions in the two capitalcities of the Canary Islands. Environ Res. 2012; 112:129–138.
Tobías A, Caylá JA, Pey J, Alastuey A, Querol X. Are Saharan dust intrusions increasing the risk of Meningococcal meningitis? Int J Infect Dis. 2011a; 15, e503.
Díaz J, Tobías A, Linares C. Saharan dust and association between particulate matter and case-specific mortality in Madrid (Spain). Environ Health. 2012; 11:11.
Stafoggia M, Zauli-Sajani S, Pey J, Samoli E, Alessandrini E, Basagaña X et al. Desert dust outbreaks in Southern Europe: contribution to daily PM10 concentrations and short-term associations with mortality and hospital admissions. Environ Health Perspect. 2016; 124(4): 413–419.
Tobías A, Pérez L, Díaz J, Linares C, Pey J, Alastuey A, Querol X. Short-term effects of particulate matter on total mortality during Saharan dust outbreaks: A Case-Crossover analysis in Madrid (Spain). Sci Total Environ. 2011b; 412-413:386-389.
Pandolfi M, Tobias A, Alastuey A, Sunyer J, Schwartz J, Lorente J, Pey J, Querol X. Effect of atmospheric mixing layer depth variations on urban air quality and daily mortality during Saharan dust outbreaks. Sci Total Environ. 2014 Oct 1; 494- 495:283-9.
Salvador P, Molero F, Fernández AJ, Tobías A, Pandolfi M et al. Synergistic effect of the occurrence of African dust outbreaks on atmospheric pollutant levels in the Madrid metropolitan area. Atmos Res. 2019; 226:208-218.
Jaffe DA, Wigder N, Downey N, Pfister G, Boynard A, Reid SB. Impact of wildfires on ozone exceptional events in the western U.S. Environ Sci Technol. 2013; 47(19): 11065–11072.
Dibben C, Clemens T. Place of work and residential exposure to ambient air pollution and birth outcomes in Scotland, using geographically fine pollution climate mapping estimates. Environ Res. 2015; 140: 535–541.
Arroyo V, Linares C, Díaz J. Premature Births in Spain: Measuring the impact of air pollution using time Series Analysis. Sci Tot Environ. 2019a; 660:105-114.
Arroyo V, Díaz J, Salvador P, Linares C. Impact of Air Pollution on Low Birth Weight in Spain: A National Level Study. Environ Res. 2019b; 171:69-79.
Dadvand P, Basagaña X, Figueras F, Amoly E, Tobias A, de Nazelle A, Querol X et al. Saharan dust episodes and pregnancy. J Environ Monit. 2011 Nov; 13(11):3222-8.
Viel JF, Mallet Y, Raghoumandan C, Quénel P, Kadhel P, Rouget F, Multigner L. mpact of Saharan dust episodes on preterm births in Guadeloupe (French West Indies). Occup Environ Med. 2019 May; 76(5):336-340.
MITECO. Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica 2019. [citado el 9 de noviembre de 2011]. Disponible en: https://www.miteco. gob.es/es/.
Commission Staff Working Paper. Establishing Guidelines for Demonstration and Subtraction of Exceedances Attributable to Natural Sources under the Directive 2008/50/EC on Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe, Brussels, 15.02. 2011. SEC(2011) 208 final, p.37. [citado el 9 de noviembre de 2011]. Disponible en: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/quality/ legislation/pdf/sec_2011_0208.pdf.
Díaz J, Ortiz C, Falcón I, Linares C. Short-term effect of tropospheric ozone on daily mortality in Spain. Atm Environ 2018; 187:107-116.
Díaz J, Carmona R, Mirón IJ, Ortiz C, León I, Linares C. Geographical variation in relative risks associated with heat: update of Spain’s Heat Wave Prevention Plan. Environ Int. 2015; 85:273-283.
Carmona R, Díaz J, Mirón IJ, Ortíz C, León I, Linares C. Geographical variation in relative risks associated with cold waves in Spain: The need for a cold wave prevention plan. Environ Int. 2016; 88:103-111.
Coste J, Spira A. Le proportion de cas attributable en Santé Publique: definition(s), estimation(s) et interpretation. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 1991; 51, 399–411.
Querol X, Alastuey A, Pey J, Pandolfi M, Cusack M, Pérez N et al. African dust contributions to mean ambient PM10 mass- levels across the Mediterranean Basin. Atmos Environ. 2009; 43(28):4266–4277.
Salvador P, Artíñano B, Molero F, Viana M, Pey J, Alastuey A et al. African dust contribution to ambient aerosol levels across central Spain: characterization of long-range transport episodes of desert dust. Atmos. Res. 2013; 127:117–129.
LiZ,GuoJ,DingA,LiaoH,LiuJ,SunYetal.Aerosoland boundary-layer interactions and impact on air quality. Nat SciRev. 2017; 4(6): 810–833.
Krupa SV and Manning WJ. Atmospheric ozone: Formation and effects on vegetation. Env Pol. 1988; 50:101-137.
De Sario M, Katsouyanni K, Michelozzi P. Climate change, extreme weather events, air pollution and respiratory health in Europe. Eur Respir J. 2013; 42(3):826–843.
Morakinyo OM, Mokgobu M., Mukhola MS. Health outcomes of exposure to biological and chemical components of inhalable and respirable particulate matter. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016; 1:1–22.
Jauniaux E, Burton GJ. The role of oxidative stress in placental- related diseases of pregnancy. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod. 2016; 45 (8): 775–785.
Møller P, Danielsen PH, Karottki DG et al. Oxidative stress and inflammation generated DNA damage by exposure to air pollution particles. Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res. 2014; 762: 133–166.
Martinelli N, Olivieri O, Girelli D. Air particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: a narrative review. Eur J Intern Med. 2013; 24(4):295–302.
Erickson AC, Arbour L, 2014. The shared pathoetiological effects of particulate air pollution and the social environment on fetal- placental development. J Environ Public Health. 2014; 901017.
Clemente DBP, Casas M, Vilahur N, et al. Prenatal ambient air pollution, placental mitochondrial DNA content, and birth weight in the INMA (Spain) and ENVIRONAGE (Belgium) birth cohorts. Environ Health Perspect. 2016; 124 (5): 659–665.
Park SK, O’Neill MS, Vokonas PS, Sparrow D, Schwartz J. Effects of air pollution on heart rate variability: the VA normative aging study. Environ Health Perspect. 2005; 113(3): 304–309.
Basu R, Malig B, Ostro B. High ambient temperature and the risk of pre-term delivery. Am J Epidemiol. 2010; 172:1108–1117.
Carolan-Olah M, Frankowska D. High environmental temperature and preterm birth: are view of the evidence. Midwifery. 2014; 30(1):50–59.
Arroyo V, Díaz J, Ortíz C, Carmona R, Sáez M, Linares C. Short term effect of air pollution, noise and heat waves on preterm births in Madrid (Spain). Environ Res. 2016; 145:162-168.
As obras publicadas na revista estão sujeitas aos seguintes termos:
- A revista detém os direitos patrimoniais (copyright) das obras publicadas e favorece e permite a reutilização das mesmas sujeita à licença indicada no ponto 2.
- As obras são publicadas na revista eletrónica sob uma licença Creative Commons Atribuição - NãoComercial 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0). As mesmas podem-se copiar, usar, difundir, transmitir e expor publicamente, para fins não comerciais, desde que se cite a autoria, o url e a revista.
- Os autores estão de acordo com a licença de uso utilizada pela revista, com as condições de auto-arquivo e com a política de livre acesso.
Em caso de reutilização das obras publicadas deve mencionar-se a existência e especificações da licença de uso para além de mencionar a autoria e fonte original de publicação.